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Seljuk Empire Part III:
3) Sultan Malik Shah
Name: Malik Shah
Title: Sultan Muezzin and the world
Address: Jalal al-Dawla and Amir al-mu'minin
Nickname: Abul Fatuh
Father: Sultan Alp Arsalan
Mother: Asfriya Khatun
Born: 1055 AH 437 AH
Died: 1092 AH 485 AH
Age: Just over 37
Burial: Isfahan
Duration: 20 years
Religion: Sunni Islam
Spouses: 3
Children: 14 (7 sons, 7 daughters)
Genealogy: Malikshah bin Alp Arsalan bin Chaghari Beg bin Michael bin Seljuk bin Daqaq
Born and dressed: Sultan Malik Shah was the first and eldest son of Sultan Alp Arsalan. He was born on August 8, 1055 in Isfahan. According to the Persian historian Ibn Al-Rawandi, Malik Shah had a wheatish complexion, thick beard and long stature. He was a master and possessed a strong nature and personality. His anger and glory were famous throughout the Seljuk Empire when he was awarded the name of Jalal al-Dawlah, which means the glory of the kingdom.
Name: Your name was Sultan Malik Shah which means 3 times King this honor came to you first
Sultan: The king
Country: King
King: King
Early conditions: Sultan Alp Arsalan had decided to make you his successor from his childhood and Nizam-ul-Mulk wanted the same, so Sultan Alp Arsalan handed over Malik Shah to Nizam-ul-Mulk. Nizam-ul-Mulk gave Sultan Malik Shah early education and training. In which Sultan Malik Shah learned swordsmanship, archery, horse riding and also religious education.
Marriage and War: Sultan Malik Shah became the best braver in 1064 at the age of only 9 years. Even when Sultan Alp Arsalan fought the Qara Khanis in 1064, the Sultan was present in this war for only 9 years and the Nizam-ul-Mulk Fighting side by side, Alp Arsalan defeated Qara Khani Khan Ibrahim and married Ibrahim's daughter Turkan Khatun to Sultan at the age of 9.
Crown Prince: Sultan Alp Arsalan had many children but the Sultan always appointed Malik Shah as his successor. That is why Malik Shah was given the province of Armenia where he ruled and not only that but the Sultan always gave Malik Shah his Malik Shah also had the support of Nizam-ul-Mulk, whose every word was considered important for the Seljuk Empire. In 1066, Sultan Alp Arslan held a conference in the city of Maro, where all the Seljuk princes and ministers were invited. Alp Arsalan appointed Malik Shah as his successor and even got permission from the Abbasi Caliph.
Conquests of Syria: Sultan Malik Shah took part in the conquests of Syria with his father and also served as a general in the conquest of Aleppo. Sultan Alp Arsalan handed over Aleppo to Malik Shah when Sultan Alp Arsalan was fighting Romanos. The government was run by Malik Shah
More marriages: In case of not having a son from a Turkan woman, Malik Shah got more marriages, so he married Zubeida Khatun and Bashulo Khatun and the first son of Sultan was also born whose name was Sultan Muhammad Tapar.
Martyrdom of the father: In 1072, the Qara Khans and Khwarizm together revolted against the Seljuk Empire, so Malik Shah took part in these battles with his father, and in 1072 AH, during the conquest of Khwarizm, his father Alp Arsalan was martyred. Secondly, I have done it
Ascension and Rebellion: Sultan Malik Shah ascended the throne immediately after the death of his father. On the other hand, Alp Arsalan's brother Qawarid Baig, who was the ruler of Kerman and Persia, on hearing the news of his brother's martyrdom, immediately raised awareness of the uprising. According to the opinion of the Seljuk Nizam-ul-Mulk, the king went out to stop his uncle Qawrud Beg, so instead of Qawrid Beg Ray, he sent troops to the city of Hamdan.
Battle of Karaj: The two Seljuk armies gathered at Karaj in the vicinity of Hamdan. The army of Qawrid Beg had a large number of Turks, while the army of Malik Shah had a large number of Arabs, Persians, Kurds and slaves, so a fierce battle lasted for 3 days. Eventually, Qawarid Beg was defeated and he was arrested for sedition and massacre of Muslims. The Sultan imprisoned his uncle and after some time strangled him while the Sultan forgave Qawarid Beg's son. After this incident, the Sultan's confidence in the Arabs and the Kurds increased. They supported him very well, so everyone was awarded khalats, jagirs and positions. If Qawrid Beg won the war, he would have given it to Nizam-ul-Mulk and Malik Shah. He was killed, so it was necessary to kill him
Forgiveness to Sharaf al-Dawlah: Sharaf al-Dawlah had established his government in Mosul and was the tax collector of Sultan Alp Arsalan but at the end of Sultan Alp Arsalan's life he refused to obey the order of the Sultan but when Sharaf al-Dawlah found out Sultan Alp Arsalan has been martyred, so he came to the battle of Karaj to support Sultan Malik Shah and supported Sultan, so Sultan Malik Shah forgave Sharaf al-Dawla.
Caliph Abbasi dies: Caliph Bamirullah Abbasi died in Baghdad after 45 years of caliphate, but all his sons were dead, only grandchildren were alive, so Malik Shah sent Nizam-ul-Mulk's son Muayed al-Mulk to Baghdad, where Muayyad al-Mulk established According to the will of Amrullah, his grandson Muqtada Bamrullah was elected the new Abbasid Caliph.
Ghaznavid Uprising: In 1074, the Ghaznavid Empire, which was now confined to a small part of the Punjab and Afghanistan and paid taxes to Sultan Malik Shah, revolted against Sultan Ibrahim Ghaznavi Sultan Malik Shah. He defeated Ibrahim Ghaznavi and sent him back to his territory. Ibrahim Ghaznavi paid taxes again and saved his life. The king wanted to fight the Romans, so he got his daughter Gohar Khatun married to Ibrahim Ghaznavi's son Masood so that Let there be no future war between the Ghaznavid Seljuks
Emperor Michael: After defeating the Ghaznavids, Sultan Malik Shah turned to the Roman Emperor Michael because Michael was repeatedly invading Syria from Anatolia. Taking advantage of the uprisings, Sultan Malik Shah learned that Michael was coming to Iran with a large army. Sultan also left Iran with a larger army. Emperor Michael was frightened to see Sultan's army and apologized and paid tribute and sealed the treaty that Michael would obey the Muslims till his death.
Qara Khanis Mutiny: In 1074, Qara Khanis revolted as usual and occupied the Turkestan province of Takharistan, where Malik Shah's brother Ayaz bin Alp Arsalan was ruling. Ayaz was arrested, Qara Khanis killed him and returned to Balkh. The flag of the lottery began to fly
Victory of Tirmidhi: As soon as the Sultan heard this news, he left for Turkestan with his army and laid siege to Tirmidhi and pelted the city with stones. When the people of the city became frightened, they apologized to Sultan Malik Shah. He captured and made his second brother the ruler of this place and left for Samarkand and Bukhara
Conquest of Samarkand and Bukhara: Sultan Malik Shah Qara Khani was very angry against Suleiman Khan. Khan Ibrahim Khan of Qara Khani was defeated by Alp Arsalan and his daughter Turkan Khatun was also given in marriage to Malik Shah. Now Sulaiman Khan is the brother of the same Turkan woman. Qara Khani Khan, who was also a rebel, was frightened when he heard the news of the arrival of Sultan Malik Shah and fell at the feet of Sultan Malik Shah and started begging for his life. He also wanted peace. Sultan wanted to kill him but At the behest of Nizam-ul-Muk and the Turk woman, he forgave her and Turkistan fell back to the Seljuks.
The plunder of Atzas: Atsas bin Ruq was a Khwarizmi chief who, during the reign of Sultan Alp Arsalan, conquered Ramallah and Jerusalem from the Fatimid rule at the behest of the Sultan and laid siege to Damascus. Every year he would go to the Fatimid areas and kill and return. This process lasted for about 6 years from the time of Arsalan to the time of Malik Shah.
Conquest of Damascus: Although Damascus was conquered during the reign of Sultan Alp Arslan, it was recaptured by the Fatimids. At the behest of Sultan Malik Shah, Atzas laid siege to Damascus and closed all the routes to Egypt. The name of the caliph was removed and the sermon in the name of the Abbasid caliph was recited and the Shiite laws were abolished.
Invasion of Egypt: Atzas was so proud of his victory that he invaded Egypt in 1075 without the permission of Sultan Malik Shah, who was suffering from famine at that time. Atsas was a brave commander but he did not have much experience. Asked the Fatimid caliph for help but he could not help them so the Egyptians themselves started a war with Atzas in which Atzas was defeated and he escaped and escaped to Jerusalem
Christian Massacre: When Atzas returned to Jerusalem, he vented his anger on the Christians in Jerusalem and massacred the Christians in Jerusalem, killing all the old women and children. On the other hand, the victory of the Fatimids encouraged them. Raise their heads. They sent their leader, Badr Jamali, to pursue them. They advanced and laid siege to Damascus. Atzas Jerusalem hid in Damascus after the massacre.
Siege of Aleppo: Aleppo was ruled by Muslim bin Quraysh who was a tax collector of Sultan Malik Shah but he stopped paying tribute so Sultan Malik Shah sent his brother Tatash bin Alp Arsalan who laid siege to Aleppo
Sultan Malik Shah's reaction: When Sultan Malik Shah received complete information, he ordered his brother Tatash to leave the siege of Aleppo and go to Jerusalem, so Tatash reached Jerusalem and captured it and left for Damascus with the army. Badr Jamali Tatash Upon hearing the news of his arrival, he fled to Egypt. Titus went ahead and took Damascus in his hands and had Atts killed for the crime of massacre. Thus the Seljuk rule in Syria was re-established and Sultan Malik Shah made his brother Titus the ruler of Syria.
Brother's revolt: Due to famine, Malik Shah dismissed 7,000 people from his army. These 7,000 people went to Balkh where Sultan Malik Shah's brother Shahabuddin was ruling. His power increased. He also killed his brother Malik Shah. Rebels against the Sultan reached Balkh, defeated his brother, deposed him and appointed a new ruler over Balkh, although the Sultan won, but suffered heavy financial losses.
Relationship with the Caliph of Baghdad: Caliph of Baghdad Muqtada Abbasi presented his minister Fakhr al-Dawla in the service of the Sultan. In fact, the Caliph of Baghdad wanted to establish a relationship with the Sultan Malik Shah, so he asked for the relationship of the Sultan's daughter Mah Malik, so the Sultan accepted the relationship. On the condition that the month of Malik is still young, so the leave will be after 5 years, so the Caliph of Baghdad approved it. After some time, Fakhr al-Dawla minister was deposed by Caliph Abbasi. Sultan Malik Shah blocked Fakhr al-Dawla and made him his ruler. At the request of Al-Mulk because Fakhr-ul-Dawla's son was the son-in-law of Nizam-ul-Mulk
Alliance of Diyarbakir and Aleppo: In Diyarbakir there was the government of Ibn Marwan and in Aleppo there was the government of Muslim bin Quraysh who were both tax collectors of Sultan. They both united against Sultan Malik Shah and refused to pay tribute. Sultan Malik Shah conquered Diyarbakir He sent Fakhr-ul-Dawla and after that he sent Irtiq Bay to help him. Irtiq Bay went ahead and defeated Muslim bin Quraysh and Ibn Marwan. Muslim Irtiq Bay paid bribe and fled to the city of Raqqa.
Conquest of Mosul: The Sultan sent another army to conquer the city of Mosul. This city also belonged to Muslim bin Quraysh. The Sultan wanted to conquer this city.
On the other hand, when Sultan Malik Shah found out that Muslim ibn Quraysh had fled after paying a bribe, he became very angry and came to Mosul with his own army. Muslim ibn Quraysh was arrested. The Sultan apologized to him. On the other hand, Irtiq fled to Damascus out of fear due to taking bribe. The Sultan took refuge with Malik Shah's brother Tatash. Tatash was a good friend of Malik I instead of handing him over to Malik Shah. He was made ruler of Jerusalem, which shocked the Sultan. On the other hand, Irtiq Bay provoked the Tutsis to revolt against his brother Sultan Malik Shah.
Tutash's Rebellion and Attack: Sultan Malik Shah found out that the situation in Al Jazeera was bad, so he went there. Taking advantage of the Sultan's absence, Tutash revolted against Malik Shah and declared his rule over Syria and took his army. The invaders of Iran besieged the city of Surkhs and closed all routes to Al Jazeera so that Sultan Malik Shah would not know.
Nizam-ul-Muk's political ploy: On such an occasion Nizam-ul-Mulk carried out a ploy which made Tattash understand that Malik Shah is rapidly bringing Lashkar-e-Jarrar. Nizam-ul-Muk did all this through a fictitious letter which also contained the royal seal. As soon as he read this news, Tatash ran away and returned from Al-Jazeera and sent his son Sanjar against Tatash. Sanjar arrested Tatash who was later pardoned and thus this fitna ended.
Ahmad Khan Qara Khani: After Sulaiman Khan, the Qara Khanis appointed Ahmad Khan as their new Khan Azam, who was also the nephew of a Turkan woman. Ahmad Khan was a very cruel, cruel and immoral man who oppressed his own people in Samarkand. Fed up with persecution, some people came to Malik Shah in 1089 and asked him to take Samarkand into his kingdom. The Sultan responded to his reply and left for Samarkand with his army and entered Turkistan. One by one the city was conquered and Samarkand was besieged
Occupy Samarkand and Kashgar: The Sultan laid siege to Samarkand, pelted the city with stones and damaged the walls, causing a wall to fall. The Sultan sent his army through the wall, which captured Samarkand and captured Ahmad Khan. Karlia Sultan released Ahmad Khan and sent him to Isfahan. He himself entered the borders of China and laid siege to Kashgar and ordered that you leave the obedience of Khaqan China and obey me. So Kashgar separated from the Chinese government and entered the Seljuk Empire. Satisfied with his decision, Sultan continued to appoint him as ruler and returned to Isfahan to establish diplomatic relations with China.
Hakliya attack on Samarkand: There were some Chinese tyrants living in Samarkand who called themselves Hakliya. They revolted as soon as Malik Shah left and the chief of Hakliya, Ain al-Dawla, told Takin to take over Samarkand. Takin was a Chinese commander. Wali, who was also the brother of Kashgar, captured Samarkand and betrayed Ain al-Dawla and killed him.
Re-invasion of Samarkand: When these incidents were reported to the Sultan in 1090, the Sultan became furious and attacked Samarkand by preparing troops. Takin fled from Samarkand. Sultan ordered Kashgar, which had occupied Samarkand, to take Takin. Kashgar sent to me did not want to arrest his brother Takin, but to escape the glory of the Sultan, he arrested Takin and sent him to the Sultan.
Tughral bin Niall: The Chinese king Tughral snatched the Kashgar government from Kashgar. Takin, who was arrested and was going to Sultan Malik Shah, also took the opportunity and fled. When Sultan Malik Shah got this information, he became a little scared of Shah Chin. He blocked Takin and made peace with him and sent Takin against Tughral with an army. Shah Chin Tughral conquered Kashgar and he was present. When he came to know about the reconciliation between Takin and Malik Shah, he also made peace with Takin and Kashgar Takin. Returned to China (continued)
Part III is over (Part IV will be uploaded this week InshaAllah in which the conditions of Malik Shah, Nizam-ul-Mulk and Hassan Sabah will be explained InshaAllah)
By Gigato Khan
Source:
History of Ibn Khaldun
History of Ibn Athir
History of Ibn Kathir
History of Ibn Khalqan
History of Islam
A Brief Review of the History of Islam
History of the nation
100 Great Muslim Conquerors